Zone of Proximal Development |
Scaffolding |
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was introduced by Lev Vygotsky in the 1896 and 1936. He explains that all learners have the ZPD, the difference between what a learner already knows and what they cant do or don't know yet. With the zone of proximal development, they can do something with support.
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In response to Vygotsky's ZPD, Jerome Bruner states that scaffolding is taking place in the zone of proximal development. Bruner explains scaffolding as, "the steps taken to reduce the degrees of freedom in carrying out some tasks so that the child can concentrate on the difficult skill she is in the process of acquiring." (Bruner). There are many types of scaffolding that support a learner learn new things independently.
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Language Socialization
Language socialization is usually happening in informal settings, there is no checking of grammatical structures or using precise vocabulary. It is a simpler language that consists of simple vocabulary, grammar, slang, and sentences that is usually with face to face interactions. There are many opportunities to clarify with social clues that consists of gestures, tone, and social context.
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Children learn language through socialization by engaging in conversations and eventually into larger communities. Teachers have students participate and practice language by introducing them into a schools realm of English socialization expectations. (Wright. pg. 58) |
DynamicDynamic bilingualism is when students are able to use both their first and second language equally in multiple contexts inside and outside of school. (Wright. pg. 21)
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AdditiveAdditive bilingualism is when a student accomplishes English proficiency. And they don't lose their native language.
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SubtractiveSubtractive language is when a student loses their native language in the process of reaching a second language.
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Translanguaging and Holistic, Dynamic Perspective on Bilingualism
Ofelia Garcia introduced translanguaging and the dynamic bilingualism. Dynamic bilingualism refers to the multiple language interactions and other linguistic interrelationships that take place on different scales and spaces among multilingual speakers. (Wright. 2015). Translanguaging is when bilingual students uses both their first and second language and apply inside and outside the classroom to make sense of the world around them. The holistic and dynamic perspective of bilingualism is when both languages are being utilized in a strategic and instructional way. Bilingual education allows students to draw knowledge from both languages and apply to their leaning and to also make sense of instruction.
Paulo Freire- Critical Perspective
Sources:
Question Shared. 'What is the Definition of Critical Pedagogy.' Sept. 3, 2017. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/SSGzB_HIXCM.
Wright, Wayne E. Foundations for Teaching English Language Learners: Research, Theory, Policy, and Practice. Philadelphia: Caslon, 2015. Print
Image Sources:
http://www.cuppacocoa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/The-Zone-of-Proximal-Development.jpg
https://educationoncharge.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/untitled3.png
https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2014/01/02/wordybrains_wide-203b3c683087635e4edae9d0efc67e258e249886.jpg?s=1400
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lamberts-sociopsychological-model-shahida-1225478884346325-9/95/lamberts-socio-psychological-model-shahida-12-728.jpg?cb=1225453927
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/paulo-freire-2.jpg
Question Shared. 'What is the Definition of Critical Pedagogy.' Sept. 3, 2017. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/SSGzB_HIXCM.
Wright, Wayne E. Foundations for Teaching English Language Learners: Research, Theory, Policy, and Practice. Philadelphia: Caslon, 2015. Print
Image Sources:
http://www.cuppacocoa.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/The-Zone-of-Proximal-Development.jpg
https://educationoncharge.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/untitled3.png
https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2014/01/02/wordybrains_wide-203b3c683087635e4edae9d0efc67e258e249886.jpg?s=1400
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lamberts-sociopsychological-model-shahida-1225478884346325-9/95/lamberts-socio-psychological-model-shahida-12-728.jpg?cb=1225453927
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/paulo-freire-2.jpg